Explaining Relative Clauses in Latin

Explaining Relative Clauses in Latin Relative clauses in Latin refer to clauses introduced by relative pronouns or relative adverbs. The relative clause construction includes a main or independent clause modified by its dependent of subordinate clause. It is the subordinate clause that holds the relative pronoun or relative adverb giving its name to this type of clause. The subordinate clause usually also contains a finite verb. Latin uses relative clauses where you might sometimes find a participle or a simple appositive in English. pontem qui erat ad Genavamthe bridge (which was) at GenevaCaesar .7.2 Antecedents... or Not Relative clauses modify the noun or pronoun of the main clause. The noun in the main clause is referred to as the antecedent. This is true even when the antecedent comes after the relative pronoun.This antecedent noun can even appear within the relative clause.Finally, an antecedent that is an in indefinite may not appear at all. ut quae bello ceperint quibus vendant habeantthat they may have (people) to whom to sell what they take in warCaesar De Bello Gallico 4.2.1 Markers of the Relative Clause The relative pronouns are normally: Qui, Quae, Quod orquicumque, quecumque, and quodcumque) orquisquid, quidquid. quidquid id est, timeÃ…  DanaÃ… s et dÃ… na ferentÄ“swhatever it is, I fear the Greeks even when they offer gifts.Vergil .49 These relative pronouns agree in gender, person (if relevant), and number with the antecedent (the noun in the main clause that is modified in the relative clause), but its case is usually determined by the construction of the dependent clause, although occasionally, it comes from its antecedent. Here are three examples from Bennetts New Latin Grammar. The first two show the relative pronoun taking its case from the construction and the third shows it taking it from either the construction or the antecedent, but its number comes from an unspecified term in the antecedent: mulier quam vidÄ“bÄ musthe woman whom we sawbona quibus fruimusthe blessings which we enjoypars quÄ « bÄ“stiÄ «s objectÄ « sunta part (of the men) who were thrown to beasts. Harkness notes that in poetry sometimes the antecedent can take the case of the relative and even be incorporated into the relative clause, where the relative agrees with the antecedent. An example he gives comes from Vergil: Urbem, quam statuo, vestra estThe city, which I am building is yours..573 The relative adverbs are normally: ubi, unde, quo, orqua. nihil erat quo famem tolerarentthere was no means by which they could relieve their starvationCaesar .28.3 Latin uses the adverbs more than in English. Thus instead of the man from whom you heard it, Cicero says the man whence you heard it: is unde te audisse dicisCicero De Oratore. 2.70.28 Relative Clause vs. Indirect Question Sometimes these two constructions are indistinguishable. Sometimes it makes no difference; other times, it changes the meaning. Relative Clause: effugere nÄ“mÃ…  id potest quod futÃ… «rum estno one can escape what is destined to come to passIndirect Question: saepe autem ne Ã… «tile quidem est scÄ «re quid futÃ… «rum sitbut often it is not even useful to know what is coming to pass. Sources: Complex Sentences, Grammaticalization, Typology, by Philip Baldi. Published: 2011 by Walter de Gruyter The Confusion of the Indirect Question and the Relative Clause in Latin, by A. F. Brunlich; Classical Philology, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Jan., 1918), pp. 60-74. Straightening out the Latin Sentence, by Katherine E. Carver; , Vol. 37, No. 3 (Dec., 1941), pp. 129-137. Examples From Allen and Greenoughs New Latin Grammar, Hale and Bucks A Latin Grammar, Bennetts New Latin Grammar, and Harkness Latin Grammar

Coca Cola and Coffee House Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Coca Cola and Coffee House - Essay Example It should be noted that the Coca-Cola Company is highly regarded for its very effective and heart-warming television commercials. Maintaining this image, Coca-Cola Coffeehouse will initially invest in advertising its products through major television stations during hours of the day where the target market is likely to be in tuned with this media. Before the official opening of the Coca-Cola Coffeehouse and the release of its various products, television commercials will be strategically employed in order to inform customers of the new sensation to hit the town. Since, the business organization will initially focus on the Northern American market, the advertisements will feature the values and culture of the clientele. However, advertisments will vary according to the region where it is aired. Recognizing the huge potential of the internet as a medium in marketing goods and services, Coca-Cola Coffeehouse will also launch its own website. In this portal, the company will inform customers the variety and calorie content of its products. The website will also be used to inform customers where products are available. An online chat with Coca-Cola Coffeehouse's customer service representatives will also be available to address queries and other concerns. In order to intensify its efforts in promoting the products, Coca-Cola Coffeehouse will be aggressively promoting its products in magazines, newspapers, and other p

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 18

Case study - Essay Example Some of his character traits that contributed to his recognition as a unique leader are compassion, forgiveness and humility. On his first day in office, Mandela gathers his staff for a meeting to express his expectations of his staff. Mandela takes charge and develops a plan to accomplish goals to show his duty as a leader. Integrity is portrayed when Mandela’s staff expects him to retaliate for decades of apartheid but instead he shows compassion and gives them the option to stay and rebuild the country. To show respect, Mandela leaves his body guards out in the hall because he wants to face everyone on an even level. Throughout Mandela’s speech the body language of the staff changes from expecting to be fired to realizing that they are welcome to stay on and work for a common goal. Mandela interrupts the meeting of the National Sports Council to persuade them to rescind their vote on changing the name of the Springboks, their uniforms and their emblem. He go es ahead and asks the captain about leadership, "How do you make them better than they think they can be?† in this case Mandela tries to practice the job of a leader in which it is to make the followers in believing that they are capable of doing more than they think it’s possible (Carlin, 2009). In order the organization to achieve its noble quest, the leader is required to not only see the horizon but also make what is over the horizon tangible. Mandela wanted to use the rugby team to reconcile the country and bring them together instead of resorting to petty revenge. Mandela’s actions demonstrate integrity by choosing the difficult right over the easy wrong. Transformation is one of the contemporary theories that is seen being applied to Mandela’s leadership. Mandela acts as a transformation leader for example in an individualized consideration. Mandela greets each player by his or her names, showing he respects each one individually.

Full bsc corporate implementation Essay Example for Free

Full bsc corporate implementation Essay The implementation of the balanced scorecard at Pepsi Saudi was constructed on the previously discussed BSC four perspectives. And it followed the designed phases of preparation, designing and implementation. Week 2 Week 8 Week 12/ forward. Team building creation of strategic Improvement of data availability/ accuracy Measures Clarification of Documentation of strategic Construction of BSC model Strategy and objectives Measures Data collection Data computerization/automation Prepare to implement Develop comprehensive BSC solution. From BSC manual 2000 Pepsi Saudi decided to pick to pick members of the original pilot team, but every member could not participate. There were some additional screening and the final selection was made based on what was considered the strength of the team. The teams ultimately selected their team leader who would represent them for the duration. The team leaders were selected by organizational strength and leadership: base on the ease and timing and strategic relevance. Ease/Timing: Possession of skills needed to make and execute the commitment. Familiarization with the BSC system and the corporate objective. The support shown to the team leader by the rest of the team. Strategic The potential for good financial generation capability Importance: The potential to serve customers needs. Quality of service Does the leader have the competitive character. Good communication skills. BSC manual 2000. The initial objectives for Pepsi Saudi were acquisition of new customer base and the retention of the core customer base. To design a system that would enable the company to serve that customer unit better. To use the BSC system to develop more efficient ways of delivering good quality products on time. To remain on the offensive as far as the competition, and to develop a solid business atmosphere that would enhance the strategies of the company. The design phase recorded the need to add the strategic measures, explaining collection of data, and preparation for implementation. The four major perspectives were emphasized again: the financial, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth. The four perspectives also detailed the measures that the company had set as its road to execution. perspectives Corporate measures financial Total revenues, new sources of revenue, Return on investment. Customer Customer satisfaction index, increase market share Internal business To focus on production of superior soft drinks  process Increase market share, and ultimately make More money for shareholders. learning and growth Develop employee satisfaction marker, Regular employee training exercises . The project was concluded with the highly expected implementation phase. A model was constructed, and data collection program was set in motion, and the company have allocated great resources directed to the maintenance and continuous development of BSC. SUMMARY: The balanced scorecard is both a management and a measurement business too, BSC  helps business organizations design a business vision and strategy that they could be translate into action. BSC helps the business people to have the necessary feedbacks about their operations, both as internal business process and external business process. It goes further to assist them to strengthen strategic business performance. So BSC revolves around such concepts as feedback measurement, the cascading formation, cause and effect, and mapping of strategies. The major perspective are the financial perspective, the customer perspective, the internal process perspective, and the learning  perspective. The factors that gives the BSC its stability is found in the lagging and leading indicators, then the diagnostic and strategic measurement systems. The cost and risk, the benefits and value. With low risk implementation, the BSC predicts low benefit, and on the token, an investment on the high risk BSC yields high benefits. The operational and strategic feedback is anchored by the metrics, which centers on the revolving strategic plans, strategic budget, strategic initiative, and to the outputs. The cascading scorecard travels from the organizational goals, to strategic decision,  and then to agency level informational analysis and review. Then it cascades down again to the directors level, as it comes down finally to the branch level. The cause and effect theory states simply that when customer satisfaction is elevated then it makes sense that financial intake would also be increased. When work process is strengthened it ought to lead to increased customer satisfaction. If employees are given the skills education or knowledge they need to function and work better, then there is little doubt that the entire organizational foundation would benefit tremendously from well from that perspective.

Powerful Imagery and Settings in David Guterson’s Snow Falling on Cedar

Powerful Imagery and Settings in David Guterson’s Snow Falling on Cedars Snow Falling on Cedars, a novel by David Guterson, is a post World War II drama set in 1954 on the island of San Piedro in Washington State. The story’s focal point is the murder trial of Kabuo Miyamoto, who is accused of killing a fellow islander, Carl Heine, Jr., supposedly because of an old family feud over land. Although the trial is the main focus of the story, Guterson takes the reader back in time through flashbacks to tell a story of forbidden love involving two young islanders, Ishmael Chambers and Hatsue Imada (Kabuo’s future wife). At the time of their romance, interracial relationships were considered strictly taboo because of racial bias. It is through both this love story and Guterson’s remarkable use of setting and imagery that the reader is informed as to why racial prejudice is so high on the island of San Piedro at the time of the trial and why Kabuo is not merely on trial for Carl’s murder, but also for the color of his skin. While Snow Falling on Cedars has a well-rounded cast of characters, demands strong emotional reactions, and radiates the importance of racial equality and fairness, it is not these elements alone that make this tale stand far out from other similar stories. It is through Guterson’s powerful and detailed imagery and settings that this story really comes to life. The words, the way he uses them to create amazing scenes and scenarios in this story, makes visualizing them an effortless and enjoyable task. Streets are given names and surroundings, buildings are given color and history, fields and trees are given height and depth, objects are given textures and smells, and even the weather is given a purpose in the... ...ght out of the book and construct in front of the readers eyes, rather than form in the back of their minds. To sum up the overall experience that Snow Falling on Cedars delivers through imagery and setting would be to say that it is like a pop-up book for adults, without the need for the pop-up feature. Racial tension is not something that can be imagined or understood without some sort of emotional history or background attached to it. Emotions like hatred or others, such as desire, that the characters feel for one another, would feel shallow and empty without the descriptions that make them seem real and understandable. All these elements need to be present in order for the story to carry itself and the reader through to the end. Snow Falling on Cedars does that and more. Work Cited Guterson, David. Snow Falling on Cedars. New York: Vintage Books, 1995.

Characters in George Orwells novel “Animal Farm” Essay

The book animal farm, written by George Orwell, is believed to tell the story of not just a story about some rebellious animals, but represents how the Russian revolution took place. Many believe this because of the way he portrays certain characters in the novel. Such as snowball being represented as Leon Trotsky, old major being represented as , and the ruthless leader of the farm napoleon representing the leader of the U.S.S.R. Josef starlin. After the rebellion of manor farm, napoleon declared himself the ruler or the animals and the estate. He also renamed the property Animal farm, showing that the animals where no longer to be kept as slaves by humans running the farm, but instead to be at the same social level as all the other animals. This is similar to when starlin took leadership or Russia after the tsar was expelled from his country by the people. Starlin then renamed Russia the U.S.S.R. Napoleon is orwells villain in animal farm and represents Joseph starlin during the Russian revolution. Napoleon and starlin both attempt to run a socialist empire but soon finds that their human nature overwhelms them into taking advantage of their position. Napoleon seems to be a good leader at first, but becomes greedy and power hungry. Starlin also became greedy and power hungry in Russia, making the idea of socialism in Russia behind. What is meant by this is whilst the peasants were suffering and living in poverty, starlin was living in luxury. When the industrialization of Russia happened, like on animal farm with the windmill, both napoleon and starlin didn’t want it to happen at first. Like when snowball wanted the idea to happen before napoleon and he declined, and when Leon Trotsky wanted it to happen when starlin didn’t. Eventually napoleon decided to have electricity to the farm by building a windmill to power the electricity and create a better image for the farm as well as improving productivity. This is like when starlin introduced the five year plan. Starlin did industrialize his country, and boost his international  status, but his countries living conditions where no better off. The true character of napoleon is shown when he has the animals plotting against him executed, and when he hires a pig to sample his food to make sure that he isn’t being poisoned. Starlin also was a ruthless leader in Russia. After suspecting many people in his congress supporters of Trotsky, starlin also had these people executed.

Existentialism The Teleological Suspension Of The Ethical

There is a concept in Kierkegaardian existentialism that is quite interesting, particularly because in the current case it appears to be relevant for a very bizarre reason. Kierkegaard writes of the â€Å"teleological suspension of the ethical,† that is, the suspension of ethical rules for behavior in order to follow a higher, divinely-imposed law (McDonald, 1996). The example that Kierkegaard writes of is Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son, Isaac, a willingness that required that he suspend his ethical obligations in support of the telos provided by God. Milton Friedman certainly does not come across as a Christian Existentialist, so one wonders precisely how this concept is relevant to his thoughts on the duties of corporations. The answer is quite simple: for Friedman, the â€Å"divine law† that warrants a teleological suspension of the ethical is the accumulation of wealth. In order to accumulate wealth, the ethical obligations of all persons involved in a corporation can be suspended under the pretense that they together form a corporation that is and ought to be amoral and profit-hungry. I am being somewhat tongue-in-cheek, of course, because I doubt that Friedman would describe his position in these terms, but I am pointing to what I believe is a key reason that Friedman’s argument fails. In this short paper, I will first present what I believe are Friedman’s most fundamental arguments. I will then present my reasons that these arguments fail. Finally, I will discussShow MoreRelatedThe Song Unwritten by Natasha Bedingfield850 Words   |  3 Pageshappiness, you must also take any blame that may be presented no one can take that for you either. There are many other musicians that have existential themes in their music and I have noticed that most of existentialism music seems to span from much of the well-known literature. Existentialism is prominently seen in literature through the minds of geniuses like Kierkegaard, Heidegger and Sartre. The Concept of Anxiety by Kierkegaard helps to explain the true definition of anxiety and why it existsRead MoreAn Article On The World Anti Doping Agency1242 Words   |  5 PagesOn June 9th, 2016, an article written by ESPN Senior Writer, Darren Rovell, was published on ESPN.com regarding Maria Sharapova’s two-year suspension over a positive doping test result (Rovell, 2016). Maria Sharapova, the highest-paid female athlete today, announced in March 2016 that she tested positive for taking meldonium, a banned substance that was recently added to the World Anti-Doping Agency’s (WADA) prohibited substance list. Initially, the International Tennis Federation (ITF) suspendedRead MoreHamlet: An Existential Tragedy1878 Words   |  8 Pageslife ensues, the notion of existentialism has been birthed to help individuals understand what their life’s me aning is. Although recently fathomed, this philosophy can be seen across a wide array of literary works that astonishingly predates the conception of existentialism itself. Individuals can identify specific elements that they empathize with and that inexplicably creates a cathartic moment in which the writer anticipates. More importantly, the idea of existentialism is seen in almost all ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Dostoevsky And Kierkegaard s The Grand Inquisitor 948 Words   |  4 Pagesthat, â€Å"the story of Abraham contains, then, a teleological suspension of the ethical. And the single individual he became higher than the universal. This is the paradox that, which cannot be mediated†¦ when a person walks what is in one sense the hard road of the tragic hero, there are many who can give him advice, but he who walks the narrow road of faith had no one to advise him--- no one understands him† (Kierkegaard, pg 23). There is a universal ethical law that all humans have to abide by. In theRead MoreSoren Kierkegarad: 3 Stages of Life Ways2829 Words   |  12 Pagesentity is lay beyond the reach of reason, logic, philosophical systems, theology or even psychology. Nonetheless, it was the source of all subjects. The branch of philosophy in which Kierkegaard gives birth what has come to be known as existentialism. Existentialism can best be described as a mood within philosophy that emphasizes the concrete and particular existence of man in the world. Later Existentialists described man as having no essence but only existence. Existentialism’s core philosophy